aNIMAL rESEARCH
Madeline, O.- Mice
Researchers have succeeded in predicting states of mood-change-like behavior by studying the gene expression patterns in the brain in a bipolar disorder mouse model. They found that expressions of circadian rhythm-associated genes related change with mood-change-like behaviors in these mice. Additionally, the results provide an insight into the molecular basis of bipolar disorder in the brain. Clarification of the molecular basis of mood changes occurring with an infradian (longer than a day) rhythm has been hampered by not having an animal model that has spontaneous behavioral changes related to the infradian oscillation of mood. While screening over 180 mutant mouse strains with a systematic battery of behavioral tests, they found that mice with heterozygous knockout of the alpha-isoform of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (αCaMKII) exhibit behavioral deficits and other brain features consistent with bipolar disorder. The mutant mice then served as an animal model showing infradian oscillations of mood substantially similar to those found in patients with bipolar disorder. At first, researchers monitored locomotor activity of 37 αCaMKII mutant mice by calculating the distance traveled in their cage for over 2 months. Then they dissected the hippocampus, a region thought to be involved in the regulation of mood, from the brain. The researchers found that gene expression patterns in the hippocampus accurately predicted whether the mice were in a state of high or low locomotor activity, movement. Circadian genes turned out to also be infradian genes, whose expressions go up and down with mood-change-like behaviors in these mice. While the work so far has been limited to a mouse model of bipolar disorder, regulating effectively such molecular changes might lead to treatment for the bipolar disorder.
Fujita Health University, ICMS(2016, March 29). Infradian oscillation of circadian genes in a mouse model of bipolar disorder. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/03/160329132236.htm.
Researchers have succeeded in predicting states of mood-change-like behavior by studying the gene expression patterns in the brain in a bipolar disorder mouse model. They found that expressions of circadian rhythm-associated genes related change with mood-change-like behaviors in these mice. Additionally, the results provide an insight into the molecular basis of bipolar disorder in the brain. Clarification of the molecular basis of mood changes occurring with an infradian (longer than a day) rhythm has been hampered by not having an animal model that has spontaneous behavioral changes related to the infradian oscillation of mood. While screening over 180 mutant mouse strains with a systematic battery of behavioral tests, they found that mice with heterozygous knockout of the alpha-isoform of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (αCaMKII) exhibit behavioral deficits and other brain features consistent with bipolar disorder. The mutant mice then served as an animal model showing infradian oscillations of mood substantially similar to those found in patients with bipolar disorder. At first, researchers monitored locomotor activity of 37 αCaMKII mutant mice by calculating the distance traveled in their cage for over 2 months. Then they dissected the hippocampus, a region thought to be involved in the regulation of mood, from the brain. The researchers found that gene expression patterns in the hippocampus accurately predicted whether the mice were in a state of high or low locomotor activity, movement. Circadian genes turned out to also be infradian genes, whose expressions go up and down with mood-change-like behaviors in these mice. While the work so far has been limited to a mouse model of bipolar disorder, regulating effectively such molecular changes might lead to treatment for the bipolar disorder.
Fujita Health University, ICMS(2016, March 29). Infradian oscillation of circadian genes in a mouse model of bipolar disorder. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/03/160329132236.htm.
Julia, T.
Albertine, M.
Animal models are used to study human diseases. Several animal models of bipolar disorder have been reported. Rats are classified into various categories of studies: pharmacological models, nutritional models, environmental models, and genetic models. They Have come up with many treatment/ medicine as a result of animal models in the past couple of years. However, the trails are this going on to discover how bipolar is caused, weather genetic or environmental. Also, they are trying to find more ways to stabilize the different mood changes and episodes from occurring more often.
US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health( May 31, 2007). Animal Models and Bipolar Disorder and Mood stabilizer. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2150564/
US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health ( may 27, 2007) . Animal mood of bipolar disorder. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17466374
Animal models are used to study human diseases. Several animal models of bipolar disorder have been reported. Rats are classified into various categories of studies: pharmacological models, nutritional models, environmental models, and genetic models. They Have come up with many treatment/ medicine as a result of animal models in the past couple of years. However, the trails are this going on to discover how bipolar is caused, weather genetic or environmental. Also, they are trying to find more ways to stabilize the different mood changes and episodes from occurring more often.
US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health( May 31, 2007). Animal Models and Bipolar Disorder and Mood stabilizer. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2150564/
US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health ( may 27, 2007) . Animal mood of bipolar disorder. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17466374